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the fourth part of a verse-system

  • 1 fjórðungr

    (-s, -ar), m.
    1) the fourth part, quarter;
    fjórðungr rastar, a distance of about a mile;
    2) a weight = ten pounds;
    3) in Iceland, one of the Quarters into which the whole land was divided (Austfirðinga, Vestfirðinga, Norðlendinga, Sunnlendinga fjórðungr).
    * * *
    m., generally the fourth part, quarter, D. I. i. 470, Grág. i. 144; f. héraðsmanna, N. G. L. i. 352; f. rastar, the fourth part of a mile, Fms. viii. 63; fjórðungr vísu, the fourth part of a verse-system or stanza, = two lines, Edda (Ht.); hence fjórðunga-lok, n. the last quarter of a verse, Fms. vi. 387: a coin (cp. Engl. farthing), N. G. L. iii. ch. 13.
    2. a liquid-measure = ten pots or twenty ‘merkr;’ fjórðungs-fata, a vat holding a quarter.
    3. a weight = ten pounds or twenty ‘merkr,’ Jb. 375, Grág. Kb. 232, Dipl. iii. 4, Grág. ii. 362: the law allows a person to bequeath the fourth part of his property, this is called fjórðungs-gjöf, f., Gþl. 270, cp. Jb., Dipl. v. 1.
    4. the Icel. tithe (tíund) was divided into four shares, each of them called ‘fjórðungr,’—to the poor, bishop, church, and priest, Grág., Tl., passim.
    II. in Norway counties were divided into fjórðungar quarters (þriðjungar ridings, sextungar sextants, áttungar octants, etc.), vide D. N.; hence fjórðungs-kirkja, a quarter church, parish church, N. G. L.; fjórðungs-maðr, a man from the same quarter or parish; fjórðungs-prestr, the priest of a fjórðungs-kirkja; fjórðungs-þing, the meeting of a f.; fjórðungs-korn, corn due to the priest, D. N., N. G. L., the statutes passim; fjórðungs-ból, a farm yielding a certain rent, and many others. Again, in Icel. the whole land was politically divided into quarters or fjórðungar (this division seems to have taken place A. D. 964, and exists up to the present time), thus, Austfirðinga-, Vestfirðinga-, Norðlendinga-, Sunnlendinga-fjórðungr, or east-, west-, north-, and south quarters; each of the quarters had three or four shires or þing, and each had a parliament called Fjórðungs-þing or Fjórðunga-þing, and a court called Fjórðungs-dómar, Quarter-courts, Eb. ch. 10, Landn. 2. 12; (it is uncertain whether the writer Eb. l. c. intended to make a distinction between Fjórðunga-þing and Fjórðungs-þing, denoting by the latter a ‘general quarter parliament,’ cp. also Landn. 150.)
    COMPDS: fjórðungamót, fjórðungaskipti, fjórðungshöfðingi, fjórðungsmenn, fjórðungssekt, fjórðungsúmagi.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > fjórðungr

  • 2 वेदः _vēdḥ

    वेदः [विद्-अच् घञ् वा]
    1 Knowledge.
    -2 Sacred know- ledge, holy learning, the scripture of the Hindus. (Originally there were only three Vedas:- ऋग्वेद, यजुर्वेद and सामवेद, which are collectively called त्रयी 'the sacred triad'; but a fourth, the अथर्ववेद, was subsequently added to them. Each of the Vedas had two dis- tinct parts, the Mantra or Samhitā and Brāh- maṇa. According to the strict orthodox faith of the Hindus the Vedas are a-pauruṣeya, 'not human compo- sitions', being supposed to have been directly revea- led by the Supreme Being, Brahman, and are called Śruti' i. e. 'what is heard or revealed', as distingui- shed from 'Smṛiti', i. e. 'what is remembered or is the work of human origin'; see श्रुति, स्मृति also; and the several sages, to whom the hymns of the Vedas are ascribed, are, therefore, called द्रष्टारः 'seers', and not कर्तारः or सृष्टारः 'composers'.)
    -3 A bundle of Kuśa grass; पद्माक्षमालामुत जन्तुमार्जनं वेदं च साक्षात्तप एव रूपिणौ Bhāg. 12.8.34; Ms.4.36.
    -4 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -5 A part of a sacrifice (यज्ञांग).
    -6 Exposition, comment, gloss.
    -7 A metre.
    -8 Acquisition, gain, wealth (Ved).
    -9 N. of the number 'four'.
    -1 The ritual (वेदयतीति वेदो विधिः); Karma-kāṇda; वेदवादस्य विज्ञानं सत्याभासमिवानृतम् Mb.12.1. 2 (see Nīlakaṇtha's commentary).
    -11 Smṛiti literature; आम्नायेभ्यः पुनर्वेदाः प्रसृताः सर्वतोमुखाः Mb.12.26.9.
    -Comp. -अग्रणीः N. of Sarasvatī.
    -अङ्गम् 'a member of the Veda', N. of certain classes of works regarded as auxiliary to the Vedas and designed to aid in the correct pronun- ciation and interpretation of the text and the right employment of the Mantras in ceremonials; (the Ved- āṅgas are six in number:-- शिक्षा कल्पो व्याकरणं निरुक्तं छन्दसां चयः । ज्योतिषामयनं चैव वेदाङ्गानि ष़डेव तु ॥; i. e. 1 शिक्षा 'the science of proper articulation and pronunciation'; 2 छन्दस् 'the science of prosody'; 3 व्याकरण 'grammar'; 4 निरुक्त 'etymological explanation of difficult Vedic words'; 5 ज्योतिष 'astronomy'; and 6 कल्प 'ritual or ceremonical'). A peculiar use of the word 'वेदाङ्ग' in masculine gender may here be noted; वेदांश्चैव तु वेदाङ्गान् वेदान्तानि तथा स्मृतीः । अधीत्य ब्राह्मणः पूर्वं शक्तितो$न्यांश्च संपठेत् ॥ Bṛihadyogiyājña- valkya-Smṛti 12.34.
    -अधिगमः, -अध्ययनम् holy study, study of the Vedas; काम्यो हि वेदाधिगमः कर्मयोगश्च वैदिकः Ms.2.2.
    -अधिपः 1 one who presides over the Veda; ऋग्वेदाधिपतर्जीवो यजुर्वेदाधिपो भृगुः । सामवेदाधिपो भौमः शशिजो$- थर्ववेदपः ॥
    -2 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -अध्यापकः a teacher of the Vedas, a holy preceptor.
    -अनध्ययनम् Remissness in the Vedic study; Ms.3.63.
    -अन्तः 1 'the end of the Veda', an Upaniṣad (which comes at the end of the Veda). Also
    -अन्तम् (See quotation from बृहद्योगियाज्ञ- वल्क्यस्मृति under
    -अङ्ग above).
    -2 the last of the six principal Darśanas or systems of Hindu philosophy; (so called because it teaches the ultimate aim and scope of the Veda, or because it is based on the Upaniṣads which come at the end of the Veda); (this system of philosophy is sometimes called उत्तरमीमांसा being regarded as a sequel to Jaimini's पूर्वमीमांसा, but it is practically quite a distinct system; see मीमांसा. It represents the popular pantheistic creed of the Hindus, regarding, as it does, the whole world as synthetically derived from one eternal principle, the Brahman or Supreme Spirit; see ब्रह्मन् also). ˚गः, ˚ज्ञः a follower of the Vedanta philosophy.
    -अन्तिन् m. a follower of the Vedanta philosophy.
    -अभ्यासः 1 the study of the Vedas; वेदाभ्यासो हि विप्रस्य तपः परमिहोच्यते Ms.2.166.
    -2 the repetition of the sacred syllable Om.
    -अर्थः the meaning of the Vedas.
    -अवतारः reve- lation of the Vedas.
    -अश्र a. quadrangular.
    -आदि n.,
    -आदिवर्णः, -आदिवीजम् the sacred syllable. Om.
    -उक्त a. scriptural, taught in the Vedas.
    -उदयः N. of the sun (the Sāma Veda being said to have proceeded from him).
    -उदित a. scriptural, ordained by the Vedas; वेदोदितं स्वकं कर्म नित्यं कुर्यादतन्द्रितः Ms. 4.14.
    -कार the composer of the Veda.
    -कौलेयकः an epithet of Śiva.
    -गर्भः 1 an epithet of Brahman; कमण्डलुं वेदगर्भः कुशान् सप्तर्षयो ददुः Bhāg.8.18.16.
    -2 a Brāhmaṇa versed in the Vedas.
    -3 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -ज्ञः a Brāhmaṇa versed in the Vedas; तथा दहति वेदज्ञः कर्मजं दोषमात्मनः Ms.12.11.
    -त्रयम्, -त्रयी the three Vedas collectively.
    -दर्शिन् a. one who discerns the sense of the Veda; तपोमध्यं बुधैः प्रोक्तं तपो$न्तं वेददर्शिभिः Ms.11.234.
    -दृष्ट a. sanctioned by the Vedas.
    -निन्दकः 1 an atheist, a heretic, an unbeliever (one who rejects the divine origin and character of the Vedas).
    -2 a Jaina or Buddhist.
    -निन्दा unbelief, heresy; Ms.11.56.
    -पारगः a Brāhmaṇa skilled in the Vedas.
    -पुण्यम् a merit acqui- red by the study of the Veda. वेदपुण्येन युज्यते Ms.2.78.
    -बाह्य a. contrary to the Veda. (
    -ह्यः) a sceptic.
    -मातृ f.
    1 N. of a very sacred Vedic verse called Gāyatree q. v.
    -2 N. of सरस्वती, सावित्री and गायत्री; सूतश्च मातरिश्वा वै कवचं वंदमातरः Mb.5.179.4.
    -भूतिः (embodiment of the Veda) an honourable title before the names of learned Brāhmaṇas.
    -वचनम्, -वाक्यम् a Vedic text.
    -वदनम् grammar.
    -वादः see वेदः (1); तदुक्तं वेदवादेषु गहनं वेददर्शिभिः Mb.12.238.11 (com.); Vedic discus- sion; यामिमां पुष्पितां वाचं प्रवदन्त्यविपश्चितः । वेदवादरताः Bg. 2.42.
    -वासः a Brāhmaṇa.
    -वाह्य a. contrary to, or not founded on, the Veda.
    -विद् m.
    1 a Brāhmaṇa versed in the Vedas.
    -2 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -वद्वस् a. conversant with the Vedas; ब्राह्मणान् वेदविदुषो यज्ञार्थं चैव दक्षिणाम् Ms. 11.4.
    -विहित a. enjoined by the Vedas.
    -व्यासः an epithet of Vyāsa who is regarded as the 'arranger' of the Vedas in their present form; see व्यास.
    -शास्त्रम् the doctrine of the Vedas; Ms.4.26.
    -श्रुतिः Vedic revelation.
    -संन्यासः givig up the ritual of the Vedas.
    -संमत, -संमित a. sanctioned by the Vedas.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > वेदः _vēdḥ

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